typeerror: a bytes-like object is required, not ‘str’ Solution
You opened the file in binary mode: with open(fname, 'rb') as f: This means that all data read from the file is returned as bytes objects, not str. You cannot then use a string in a containment test: if 'some-pattern' in tmp: continue You'd have to use a bytes object to test against tmp instead: if b'some-pattern' in tmp: continue or open the file as a textfile instead by replacing the 'rb' mode with 'r'.